Business Psychology Essay

In this age of globalization, every organization must design its own strategy in terms of running its caper at excellent level to survive and stay in competition. Trigger factors of higher demands that addressed to organizations atomic number 18 emergence of free market which means that competitors argon not only from the local market exclusively overly come from organizations all over the world, technological advances that developed rapidly over era also has role in higher demands that has been exposed to organizations in determining that everyone inside the organization must be compatible with the rapid development of technological advances at their change by reversalplace. Intense competition environment as already mentioned above certainly lead to tendencies for organizations in emerging innovations, creativities, enhancement of added value, service excellences, competitive prices and acceleration of regale backing plot as an objective to be the winner in competing w ith other(a) organizations.A ikon shifting in the design of the organizational strategies is necessary to be developed by organizations in redact to survive in spite of the free market enforcement. One of the strategies that stub be applied is construct an effective aggroup in the organization, the transformation in put to scating method from soulfulness to team work as the main centralize must bring psychological effects for every individual in the organization. Every fragment in the organization is forced to be part of their team, regardless to their preference to work as individual or as a team.This phenomenon also brings the domino effect each member in the organization go away be evaluated not only for their field competencies link up to their job performance, exclusively also personal competencies related to perform effectively as a team member (team work competencies) will be evaluated by the organization. In the realizationof forming an effective team, more th an than one strategy related to competencies in team embodimenting, which are parts of the business psychology area, must be have in a coexisting way.Business psychology can be use as a line in designing and implementing an organizational strategy, especially for the accentuation in understanding individual behavior and self-grandness improvement basis when they are put and work together in a team. in that respect or so business psychology focuses that can be used in designing a strategy which at the end also can be used as references in building personal competencies mandatory in order to perform as an effective team. These are the beneficial focuses1. Perception and personal verityEvery individual has cognitive limitation in responding to information that they received, as a result of that phenomenon, they are forced to pick information selectively regarding to which received information associated as valuable and which is invaluable, which data that will be taken to the attached level of information process. Related to selectivity process, individual tend to use heuristic process, an information processing which characterized by incomplete usage of given data, only ground on common issues and experiences, and all those information processed quickly. This information processing form has potential in bringing biases, misunderstanding, and faulty result in processing information.Based on the implementation of information processing above, in interacting with other individual, stereotypes and expectations emerged. Stereotyping is a judgment processing of almostone that made only based on perceptions to the group where they can be categorized. Expectations from each individual not always positively responded by the other party where they are interacting with each other. Expectations also correlate with communication styles that will be used in interactions.2. Team placeIn building an effective team, many approaches must be used and collaborated in a synchronous way. Defining roles in each team member is an important aspect for balancing the roles of team members in order to optimize the teams outcomes and coherence. One of the models that can be used in describing team roles in details is team roles model by Belbin An effective team, in the process basis is characterized by these indication processes active listening, sharing leadership, taking turn-not interrupting, positive reframing, rescuing eac others views, spontaneous and open kudos and elaboration of ongoing ideas. In terms of their task performance, an effective team is characterized by these indication processes analyzing, focus on results, reflecting, open rejection-goal oriented, open rejection-based on data, desire opinion, seeking clarification and closure.There are some important key behavior in an effective team, such as open communication, mutual respect, overlap output responsibility, agreement by dint of consensus, active disagreement, clear individual responsibilities and roles, subordinate own goals to group objectives, give high team morale, receptive to new ideas and change, and constructive and supported feedback.There are two relevant models that can be useful in order to design the strategy for establishing an effective team, and they are Jungian model and Tjosvold model.a. Jungian Modelb. The Ideal Team System by TjosvoldSharing organizational expectations, business strategies and visions, corevalues, organizational cultures and organizational objectives, can be defined as envisioning. Showing interest most team members visions, task clearances, valuing intercultural differences, and transferring the idea of the team ships paradigm importance are efforts in uniting the team. Bringing out loyalties, responsibilities, knowing potential of team members and assigning them based on that, and motivate them when they need motivation are characteristics in the empowering step.After being empowered, exploration in discovering p roblems and focusing on finding solutions can be established, diversities can be managed in finding the better solution, and all that will raise the teams awareness to the importance of learning over time to have the upper hand in the market competition. After the best solution is reached, reflecting what the team has been through at every step of the cycle above can be very important as the source of any plan or step that needs to be revised on the next period in order to perform as an effective team.3. Conflict resolutionThere are some causes of conflicts that usually appear in organizations competition, scarcity of resources, interdependence/dependency, conflict in objectives and tasks, differences of opinion and of influence, differences in status, cultural differences, change, misperception, miscommunication, different ways of seeing things, personal preferences, pace of response, range of response and form of response, individual differences and emotional demurrers. Traditio nally, from all causes of conflicts that mentioned above, individual differences and emotional defenses are the main issues in organizations.In dealing with conflicts, on that point are terce natural reactions that are usually expected from the individuals involved striking back (leads to escalation, potentially damaging the relationship), giving in (usually results in poor outcome, can be seen as rewarding questioning behavior), and breaking off (sometimes can be beneficial, often very costly, hasty and regretted).Regarding to conflict resolution, application of duologue competencies can be very useful. There are five stages in negotiation process orientation, plant taking, search for solutions, crisis/deadlock, settlement and finalization. It is important to each team member to identify their position in those stages that are related in optimizing conflict resolution process. By knowing and sharing their each position, they can build the same perceptions in finding the best c onflict resolution scheme.Principled approach is a combined technique in negotiation from soft and hard style of positional bargaining. In this approach, participants are problem solvers, the goal is a wise outcome reached amicably and efficiently, people and the problem must be separated, must be soft on the people and hard on the problem, independent of trust is proceed, the focus is on interests not the positions, interests are being explored, having a bottom line is avoided, options for mutual gain are invented, four-fold options are developed, the use of objective criteria is insisted, a result is reached based on standards independent of will, there is movement to be open to reasons and yield to principle, not pressure.Conflicts can lead to project delays, missed market opportunities, broken communication, inconsistent information, teams fail and difficult to retain good staff. Considering the effects of unresolved conflict, there are three category first order effects (qu antifiable) can be counted by employee replacement cost, including termination cost and recruitment, second order effects (harder to quantify) which can be observed by increased supervision or management activities , and third order effect (impossible to quantify) when its already revealed in passive aggressive behaviors.Look moreproblem focused coping essayThere are two types of conflict task focused, which is characterized by differences of views and opinions, based on facts and reasoning, and related to intellectual matters. The other type is relationship focused conflict, characterized by anchored in personal differences, influenced by history/assumptions, and related to feelings and emotions. There is a model by Thomas Kilmann which explained on purpose about correlation betweenassertiveness and cooperativeness in dealing with conflict.4. Decision devisingThere are two types of decision making process that people tend to implement, they are width (diverging) and judgment (co nverging). Diverging type is characterized by some points seeking options/strategies, works with multiple perspectives, requires more options, considering new ideas, have options/lateral ideas, and creative suggestions. On the other hand, converging type is characterized by seeking consensus, seeking clarification, seeking structure, review based on new information, analytical, making inferences, assess consequences based on data, strong defense of viewpoint, clear decisions and outcomes. The usage of both types can be based on the situation that the decision making processes is taking place in the organization. Combination of width and depth are expected and can be the best option in decision making process.